Analysis of Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points - 1853 Words

The Fourteen Points President Wilson was determined to achieve peace. He based his peacemaking efforts in the academic argument Fourteen Points. Ideas of freedom of the seas, internationalism and justice for all were embedded in his idealistic approach, in an attempt to making long lasting peace. The Fourteen Points were enthusiastically accepted by the United States, Allies and even Lenin – setting up the political mood as co-operative and internationalized. The summary of those points is as follows: 1. No more secret agreements (Open covenants openly arrived at). 2. Free navigation of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. 5. All decisions regarding the†¦show more content†¦Austria-Hungary was not ready to let Serbia, under the protection of Russia, take over territories. Balkan was one of the most unstable areas at the time, due to its turbulent history and ethnic diversity. Along the increase of nationalism, arms race was creating growing tensions that eventually escalated into war. Germany was enlarging their military power, and France followed up with doubling their army. These actions could be taken as the preparation for what was about to happen. The situation required the formation of alliances as an insurance of support in case the war would break out. Central Powers consisted of Germany and Austria-Hungary, while the Entante powers were Great Britain, France and Russia – that had many formal and secret agreements. In 1915, Germany declared war on Great Britain at sea and attacked all ships, including merchant ships. By drafting these first five points, Wilson was hoping to prevent any future conflict at the same scale as the Great War, by eliminating the actual causes of war. By bringing every nation to the same level and introducing them to the free trade and free sea navigation Wilson hoped to engage the nations into an economically beneficial alliance. The more nations joined the League of Nations – the more benefits would they have. This diplomatic solution is revolutionary because it did not only refer to the couple of countries – it referred to the global stage. 6. This point says that GermanShow MoreRelatedPrimary Source Analysis Example991 Words   |  4 PagesPrimary Source Analysis: Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points The source is a speech delivered by Woodrow Wilson on January 8th 1918; the speech was delivered among Woodrow’s fellow congressmen in the American congress. However, the speech was not written purely by Wilson, During World War I, Walter Lippmann became an adviser to President Woodrow Wilson and assisted in the drafting of the speech. The several points covered in Wilson’s speech aimed to resolve territorial issues in Europe, as well asRead MoreWoodrow Wilson s Influence On American Ideology And Interests1888 Words   |  8 PagesPresident Woodrow Wilson presented the Fourteen Points in 1918 during his speech to Congress with hopes to have a solid plan accepted believing to be vital to the restoration of Europe in the post war world. The issues at hand required the neutral nation to make a stance for the weaker and more vulnerable countries that could not necessarily fend for themselves in the Great War. The most famous derivative from the Fourteen Points of Woodrow W ilson is indeed the world-renowned United Nations, whichRead MoreWoodrow Wilson s Nineteen Points895 Words   |  4 PagesWoodrow Wilson’s â€Å"Fourteen Points† Analysis Before World War One much of Europe was expressing nationalism an ideology that â€Å"our† nation and people are better than the other nations and people who occupy them. With nationalism comes the glorification of militarism and having strong armies. When nations have strong military forces other nations become worried about their security. With fear among nations France, Russia and Great Britain joined together through treaties and became known as the TripleRead MoreThe Interpretation Of Woodrow Wilson2015 Words   |  9 PagesThe interpretation of Woodrow Wilson (1913-21) I have taken this from an external source to show the power of idealism, and how Woodrow was perceived. Wilson abandoned the imperialist policy and brought to the White House a new way of looking at America’s relations with the outside world. Wilson believed that the United States was the most politically enlightened in a sense under god, he felt that people throughout the world had their right to choose their own governments. Wilson was only protectingRead MoreA Plan Of Investigation On The Peace After World War I1821 Words   |  8 Pagesagreed to armistice negotiations only if the settlement was founded president Wilson’s fourteen points. The fourteen points demonstrated Wilson’s belief that free trade, self-determination, disarmament, and full disclosure would lead to world peace. The bitter European Allies, however, wanted to impose harsh reparations on Germany. The armistice, drafted by France and Britain, was not entirely consistent with the fourteen points and too harsh for the German government to accept. The armistice calledRead MoreEssay about Limitle ss Linchpins: The Success and Failure of Isolationism2154 Words   |  9 Pagesthe United States struggled with the question of to be or not to be, and presidents ranged from complete global disengagement to war declarations. However, although they all wrestled with the idea isolationism, not all presidents acted equally. Woodrow Wilson’s domestic success and idealistic foreign failure is a testament to the inequality, whilst Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in contrast, gradually emerged from the theory of isolationism as a worldwide political butterfly. The two chiefs in the centerRead MoreThe Treaty of Versailles1684 Words   |  7 Pagesa permanent peace among nations (Watt 12). †¢ Three men played a significant role in the development of this peace treaty and they are known as the â€Å"Big Three†: Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, and David Lloyd George (Trueman). o Woodrow Wilson was the President of the United States at this time and he supported his â€Å"Fourteen Points† including the development of a League of Nations to keep world peace (Elson 21). Wilson believed that Germany should be punished for the damage they caused, butRead MoreEssay on World War One1910 Words   |  8 PagesWorld War One When the guns of August 1914 shattered the peace of Europe, pitting Germany and Austria-Hungary (the Central Powers) against Britain, France, and Russia, President Woodrow Wilson on August 4 issued a proclamation of neutrality. Two weeks later he urged Americans to be impartial in thought as well as in action. But in the realms of both official policy and public opinion, neutrality proved difficult to sustain. Wilson insisted, for reasons of both principle and economic advantageRead MoreWhy the Versailles Treaty Failed to Bring Peace and Stability2074 Words   |  9 PagesWhy the Versailles Treaty failed to bring peace and stability On June 28th 1919, the â€Å"Big Three†, Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson, and David Lloyd George, on behalf of Great Britain, the United States, and France, had formulated a peace treaty called Versailles Treaty to end the four-year-long First Word War, establishing the famous â€Å"Versailles System†. The purpose of the system is to build a peaceful world dominated by the victor countries, such as Great Britain, the United States and FranceRead MoreThe Process of Developing Policies: The President and Foreign Affairs3359 Words   |  14 Pagestransforming the way the public saw their role in the world’ It could be argued that the leap forward in American Foreign Policy was initiated by Roosevelt. This leads me on to another president who exercised his presidential influence in foreign policy. Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) carried on the work of his predecessors in terms of foreign policy which he focused a large majority of his time on. Although Wilson and his secretary of state William Jennings came into office with little experience, the events

Slavery And Its Effects On The Lives Of All People

â€Å"Slave; noun, a person who is the property of and wholly subject to another; a bond servant.† Slaves were seen as less than human, and as property. Slavery has made a disastrous impact on the lives of all people. Although slavery has left countless people dead, many have looked at it as a necessary aspect of society that was beneficial to all. Slavery plays a very prominent role in Toni Morrison’s Beloved, the effects of slavery are examined through various characters. The idea of slavery is typically associated with this physical enslavement of a human being, but in Beloved, slavery transcends this typical association. Slavery has dehumanized the lives of millions; although a somewhat fictional character, Sethe’s story is closely related†¦show more content†¦This is ironic because there were slaves who were forced to endure physical enslavement in a facility where they were supposed to call home. Sweet Home enslavement became just as cruel as most raw forms of slavery. Sethe s memories of Sweet Home are of the good times, and her time in servitude at Sweet Home. However despite some of those good times, there are also some very scarring times that she experienced. Sethe has scars all over her back as a permanent reminder of what she has endured. She receives those scars after she is whipped due to her try of escape. Amy Denver is a white girl that helped Sethe escape from Sweet Home. She sees the scars on Sethe’s back, and says that they resemble a chokecherry tree. The scars on Sethe’s back symbolize the physical enslavement she experiences at Sweet Home. The hurt and dehumanization Sethe feels is not the most painful thing she experiences. The theft of her milk is important. At the time Sethe gets whipped, she is pregnant, which is why she has milk in her breasts. I had milk, she said. I was pregnant with Denver but I had milk for my baby girl†¦ Nobody was gonna nurse her like me... After I left you, those boys came in there and took my milk. That’s what they came in there for. Held me down and took it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"They beat you and you was pregnant? And they took my milk!(19-20) Sethe does not mention the pain she endures after being whipped, but she mainly focuses on the milk that had been taken from her. The milk was

Managing Human Resources in Health and Social Care Free Essays

string(188) " be cross checking with the individual and this is how manager will decide if they have sufficient information that persuades them to make a decision of employing the individual \(ibid\)\." 1. Introduction Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an organisation that focuses on the recruitment of, management and providing direction for the people who work in the organisation.Managing human resources is an important part of an organisation to understand the process for recruiting and designing strategies for building an effective team. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Human Resources in Health and Social Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now The report will explain the systems for monitoring and promoting the development of individuals, and to understand the approaches for managing people working in the health and social care (Armstrong, 2006). The introduced policies and practices will be explained with respect to the organisation related to employment that will aim to maintain the well being of the employee and good relationship between the staff and the management. This plays a major role in an employment setting as the staff will be realise that they have responsibility and needed that the company would benefit from. In considering the factors when planning a recruitment of individual who works in the health care setting,the HR Director has to increase staff retention in order to reduce future training, and whether the organisations need an improvement in the future and also identify if staff needs training in health and social care setting (Reward,2014).The director has to focus on recruitment cost such as external and internal recruitment, time, experiences, numbers of employees, location, organisational structure, flexibility, quality and quantity of the job, the legislation, policies of the home, retention, roles and responsibilities. The two main factors are cost and time.The HR should plan the budget, in to how much money they have to spend in terms of managing the needs of the home and how to cut down on spending.The use of strategies by manager requires time planning for recruiting staff, as it takes time to arrange interviews and training, therefore planning time is important for the org anisation as different aspects can be covered in a short period of time if planned correctly. Job Analysis includes collecting information necessary for the development of an organisation. â€Å"A job analysis is the process used to collect information about the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular job. It includes collecting as much data as possible to put together a quality job description, which is the frequent outcome of the job analysis. Additional outcomes include recruitment plans, position postings, advertisements, and performance development planning within an organisation’s performance management system (management concepts, 2014).Job Description entails roles, responsibilities, duties, reporting and structuring and Job Specification are skills, experience, qualification, salary, full time or part time. There are number of factors to consider before and during the recruitment selection, pre-selection, post selection and advertising.Advertising is the best way to reach the target mark for applicant for an organisation; some of the ways to advert are by newspaper, radio television, magazine and online.The purpose of selection is to identify the most suitable applicant for the job; this can be done by interview, presentations, short listing and aptitude testing, these are the most common methods that can be used to select the right candidate.In the interview, an employer would make a decision if the candidate has given more information in a standard way, and the most suitable applicant can be chosen from the short listing, interview, application form and references.Short listing allows managers to chose candidates from the pile of applicants that has been shortlisted for an interview, and should be the ones that the manager has gone through their application form and reading their CVs and covering letter to pick the best out of the rest to know if they have the qualification, skills and experience for the job that they applied for (Torrington at el, 2009).Interviews can be face to face where the manager will cross check with the individuals and decide if they have sufficient skills that will persuade the employer to make a decision of employing the individual (ibid).The references can be obtained from the individual’s previous job that the employer will use as an evidence to support the application. Also,aptitude testing can be done by assessing skills of the applicant such as numeracy skill and cognitive skills and other skills that job demands. Understanding the legislative framework which is relevant to the recruitment process will allow individuals in the St Patrick’s nursing home to empower and select leadership and co-workers that can develop effective teams that influence understanding to these policy which relate to the health and social care settings Armstrong (2006).The purpose of home country laws is to protect human rights of individuals especially in the care settings. Employers and supervisors have to understand the responsibility and must ensure that the workforce provides equal opportunity for different races, genders and religion.The Equal Act 2010 is suitable for the health and social care settings which cover Equal Pay Act 1970, Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Race Relation Act 1976, Disability Discrimination Act 1995, Employment Equality (religion or belief) regulation 2003, Employment Equality (age) regulation 2006, Equality Act 2006, Equality Act (sexual orientation) regulation 2007.In the case where St Patrick’s nursing home have a low pay facility, equal pay act 1970 can be considered; this act is an effective legal framework for preventing discrimination against low pay. In the area where the nursing home fails to provide a good atmosphere, poor working conditions and working long hours; this comes under the law of health and safety act 1974; this act is provision for securing the safety and welfare of the person at work and to protect individual against risk to health. The area of favouritism will come under race relation act 1976, it is unlawful to treat individual less favourably than another on racial ground and also it also covers colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins. The different approaches to be used when selecting the most suitable applicant for the job are interviews, application forms, presentations, references, CV and aptitude testing.Interview can be face to face which can be cross checking with the individual and this is how manager will decide if they have sufficient information that persuades them to make a decision of employing the individual (ibid). You read "Managing Human Resources in Health and Social Care" in category "Essay examples"The references can be obtained from the individual’s previous job, which the employer will use as a form of evidence to support the application.During interviews, the candidates would be observed, aptitude test would be given, and candidates would have the 6 C’s, which is the Quality Care Commission Standard for Health and Social Care Setting: Care, Compassion, Commitment, Courage, Communication, and Competency.To select the best candidate after interview, it must be one or two candidate that clearly stand out, and to select one of the them, the manager should involve the deputy manager to discuss the outcome in the interview of the candidate and also share the results of any comments from references, and other background checks, and this process can be repeated for each candidate; after all has been discussed, then the best can be listed, also vote can be carried out between the managers to select the right candidate (Hunt, 2007), According to Tuchman’s (1965) theories, team communication is a method of development In a good team player, a good personality, self awareness, self development and motivation to carry out their responsibilities and roles perfectly and which is progressing are measure into 4 stage which are: In Forming, a leader will prepare to take their responsibilities, roles and read to build relationships and process with other member of teams and also be tolerant as the team will be meeting for the first time and they will be highly dependent on their leader for guidance and direction. The next stage will be Storming, this is where decisions do not come easily within a group as team member would want to use position to establish themselves which can bring challenging behaviour, conflict, uncertainties, disagreement from other team members and can ultimately result in some loss of focus on the goals or task. The other stage is Norming, this is where goals are clarified and accepted by the leader and teams, here decision are made and group members are strong and show commitment and unity. In the last stage which is the performing, this is where the team in St Patrick’s home could put in place as they will need to use strategic awareness, because at this stage they know clearly what to do as to improve in the area of working performance. In addition, group members’ disagreements should have resolved and achieved their goals. To met the performances and satisfaction of the organisation depends on collaborative team-working, it is a process of working together in a group in order to achieve a goal, put together their knowledge, skills and give accurate feedback and also able to manage their conflicts without affecting the job It is important to manage effective teams work in St Patrick’s Nursing home as staff members were often blamed for not communicating important messages to one another whilst on shift and also not handing over effectively at the end of their shift, and coming to work â€Å"just to do their shift and go home†.Building a team requires effort, knowledge, skills and it is an ongoing cyclical process. It is important as a group to lookout for things that could stop the members not to achieve their goals, for example, lack of clear goals can effect the team performance in the case where staff members fail to pass an important message to one another, this could cause problem in the case if an individual medication was changed during the shift and the staff was told to pass it on to the next person in charge, the ignorance to pass an important message can put an individual health at risk.The interpersonal conflict and distrust can cause lack of trust, oppressiveness and communi cation and it can also slowdown day-to-day activities. It can stand in the way of resolving conflict that might arise as the group makes decisions. This can be overcome if the team focuses on the work and improve interpersonal skills in order to complete their task effectively; the team needs to appoint a team player that can be in charge to the supervisor and be accountable for the group performance, and this team player should be able to listen to members and be open to constructive criticism. In the area of handover, with good communication and cooperation, full details of all that happens in the shift must be discussed to the next person in charge to avoid risk to health. For example, giving proper handovers on each shift. In the handover, nurse in charge should give clear information and all members of staff should be present, and mandatory training for updating new skills on a yearly bases should be practices at at all times. (Armstrong, 2009). performance that can be monitored individual in the health and social care, can be managing team rate and performance of employees by meeting and improved target or goal that can meet in the area of team management, staff performance and individual care. Effective communication is seen when team progress can be established through well decision making. The team that makes the right decision at the appropriate times will able to make the best decisions that can be of help. They must emphasise on advantages and disadvantages that will help them meet their goals.Supervision can be seen when individuals assess their own personal effectiveness and line managers are closely involved in decision-making enabling them to have a clear target.Reflective is seen when a staff is able to reflect on its own thought; it the best way to develop the area that was not met. With this practice, staff is able to gain new skill and knowledge that they can be applied in their day-to-day work.An observation is where note will be taken into what has happened to the tasks that were given, whether it is going on the right direction or according to plan, in the case where the plan has not achieved the goals, there should be a feedback to strengthen the standar d practice in place in order to enable self reflection and open dialogue between employee and management. .. Assessing individual training and development is an event that provides a learning and practice in order to prepare the workforce to motivate to jobs that will benefit the employees and employers. Training will help individuals understand their role, their responsibility in order to maintain skills and experiences in using the system, equipments and handling serviced users in the area of caring.Training and past experience can also help develop talent, capabilities and ability.To identify training and development needs, it can be information through colleagues or attitude on the responsibility on jobs role lack of ability to complete taskin the positive way the organisation can encourage employees by empowering them in the area of development to become independent, self motivating and self development. In order to promote continued development, it is the responsibility of the work place and it is an empolyee’s hard work in the organisation that can lead to increased performance and satisfaction and the ideal is to commit and creates a willingness that can build up exert effort for the organisation. An employer should create a way to encourage employee by providing learning aid and training to promote development (Armstrong and Baron, 1998). Leadership is a process of influencing the activities of an organised group in its effort towards goal setting and goal achievement† (Stogdill, 1950). Formanaging work relationship, it is important to have a good relationship with your boss and also colleagues. Staffs need to communicate effectively and socialise with one another in the workplace. Communication is defined as the passing along of information and understanding from one person to another person or group, and this requires good listening which can sometimes be difficult as people intend to do the talking and to be a good listener, there is a need to look at the person face and body language. (Sussman, 1984). Making better relationship in St Patrick’s Nursing Home, the HR manager has to organise events such as christmas parties, staff meetings where they can discuss about work issues and socialise at the end of the meeting.In most organisations, staff relationship affect the work as it is part of their life which makes them earn a living. (Lectures in Class). In health and social care setting, staff care about their clients and they still have to work home searching about illness or new information which they have come across or they phone their colleagues doing the same job communicating with them whether they knew this new information or they have heard about it. If they find anything relating to this topic it would be passed on during handovers, or study days or staff meetings (Lectures in Class). Travers. W., A. (1998), states that group meetings benefit employees as they would have better understanding of organisation and have greater influence on the decisions.A form of job enrichment and enlargement would improve morale and errors can be prevented My own development at my workplace has been influenced by management by actively participating in areas that will boost my confidence and skills at work: Effective communication is management-arranged training for all the staff based on improving communication skills among staff and clients under our care. Also, documentation was made effective as a means to remind staff of their responsibilities and to create awareness of the need to communicate effectively. Reflective account empowered me to reflect on how effective my job role means and how to meet up with the work expectations. It allowed to reflect on my strengths and areas of weaknesses that needs support from the management. Medication competency: This is the gained knowledge during my studies and improved greatly working with others and management supports through training on medication competency. It includes how to minimise errors and undertake quarterly medication audit to make sure staff is working according to NMC and company guidelines. Supervision, this has been a great area for me to help and keep me on track with the company policies and procedures, awareness of my strength and weaknesses, to express my concerns regarding the job and most especially to discuss my personal development plans. These sessions had really helped me to improve my skills, Knowledge and awareness of changes for future development. In mydevelopment Plan, my goal is to excel from being a staff nurse to achieve a higher qualification in the future. With the aid of the management during supervision, I raised my concern and the management encouraged me to progress ahead. I also had the opportunity to work flexible hours and source some information from the work place. Also he has to plan for recruiting and what are the reason for the expansion of St Patrick’s Nursing home and also to put in place plans for retirement, death, sickness holiday, termination, dismissal, materity. References Armstrong M and Baron A 1998, Armstrong’s Handbook of Reward Management practice improving performance through reward forth edition CIPDWelcome to smallbusiness.chron.com (online) Assessed 15/03/2014]. Welcome to leaders recruitment.co.uk (online) http://www.leadersinrecruitment.co.uk/ (Assessed, 14/03/2014). Oxford University Press 2014; Overview: behavioural observation scale Torrington .D. Hall .L. Taylor .S. Atkinson .c. (2009) welcome to hse.gov.uk (online) Available from http://www.hse.gov.uk/legislation/hswa.htm {Assessed, 26/5/2014} Lewis, C., 1985. Employee Selection. London: Hutchison, pp157 Beard, J., and Clayton, J., 2007. Human Resources Management 5th Edition. A Contemporary Approach. Published in Great Britain 1994. Blundel, R., and Ippolito. , 2008. Effective organisation Communication. Third Edition. Perspective, Principles and Practice. Published by Prentice Hall in 1996 in Great Britain. Cummins, T, G., and Worley, C, G., 2003. Organisation Development and Change. South Western Mason, Ohio. Sussman, L., and Deep, D., S COMEX: The communication Experience in Human Relations, Southwestern Publishing Co., Cincinnati, 1984 pp.3-4. Travers, A. W., 1998. Supervision Techniques and New Dimensions 2nd Edition. Printed in the United States of America. Kolb, D, A., 1984. Experiential Learning. Experience as the source of learning and Development. Englewood Cliff N.J: Prentice Hall. Welcome manager menthelp.org (online) Available http:/www.managermenthelp.org/staffing/hiring.htm#hire [Access,29/5/2014] How to cite Managing Human Resources in Health and Social Care, Essay examples

Comparison of GDP Between Australia and China

Question: Discuss about the Comparison of GDP Between Australia and China. Answer: The Gross Domestic Product presents the market value of the total goods and services produced by a country within a given time period. It helps to analyse the current economic position of an economy. It can be seen through analysis that Australia is one of the developed countries of the world with a good economic position and real GDP value (Hunt, 2010). On other hand, the GDP value does not consider the depreciation of the equipment and does not consider who produces it. Hence, it is the total value of the goods and services produced in a nation irrespective of the nationality of the individual producing it (Bacha, 2010). GDP is used as an economic tool to measure the current economic development in the nation, which is influenced by various factors of the global market due to the interconnection of the economies. The paper has been developed to compare the Gross Domestic Product of Australia with China to observe the difference between the economic positions of both developed nations. In order to conduct the analysis, the GDP of both Australia and China has been presented and the factors influencing the GDP of both the countries are discussed in details. Furthermore, a comparison has been presented with a discussion to understand the difference in the economic position of both the nations. It can be seen through the report of Australian Statistical Bureau that the Gross Domestic Product of the country has improved after the global financial crisis in the year 2008 (Ravallion and Ravallion, 2010). The financial downturn in the global market highly impacted the GDP of the country. The hike in the real GDP of Australia led to an increase in the GDP till around $1563.9 billion in the year 2013, which is a good figure for a country with a population of around 23.13 million in that particular year (Chan and Karp, 2016). The last two years of the Australian economys history has evident a fall in the GDP due to certain political instability and distress in the global market that has led to a fall in the GDP till around $1339.54 billion (Abs.gov.au, 2016). A figure has been presented below for better understanding: Figure: Australia GDP Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2016) Currently, a GDP growth rate of around 3.1 percent can be evident in Australia that presents a rise in the real GDP between 2015 and 2016 second quarter. Along with that, the Per Capital GDP of the Australian people has been found to be US$64,500, which indicates a good financial growth in the economy (Abs.gov.au, 2016). The current statistics of GDP indicates that Australia accounts to be one of the developed countries of the world with high level of financial returns. But, the falling GDP in the last two years have become a concern for the Australian Government that enforced the authority to make necessary changes in its Macro and Micro economic policies. Currently, the position of Australia in the global economy has fallen from 12th position to 13th position in regards to its GDP (Chan and Karp, 2016). Hence, the fall in the GDP has become a great concern for the government of Australia. The current economic growth trend in China economy has identified as significantly uptrend due to structural reforms and stimulus programmes offered by the government (Haddad and Shepherd, 2011). The existing growth structure in China is looking formidably solid as stimulus packages have eased economic slowdown fuelling supports in the infrastructure and property sector. After the financial crisis of 2009, the economy of China has been boosted by heavy stimulus package including surged fiscal spending on monetary policy and industrial infrastructure (Aizenman, Yothin Jinjarak. and Marion, 2013). As China is one of the key economic engines to the global economy, the economic slowdown has prompted the Chinese Government to unleash stimulus package equivalent to US$586 billion. The stimulus driven economy of China has significantly contributed towards the Real Gross Domestic Product to surge at a considerable amount (Wildau and Mitchell, 2016). Figure: China Gross Domestic Product (2011-2015) Source: (Stats.gov.cn, 2016) According to the economic data released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, China economy has shown significant improvement in Real GDP on year-on-year basis. As shown in the graph presented above, since 2011, the China economy has continuously registered higher GDP than the previous year. According to the data sources, the Real Gross Domestic Product in China has registered worth US$ 10866.44 billion in 2015 which is the all time highest GDP recorded by China. Moreover, the entire GDP value of the Chinese economy signifies 17.53% of the global economy showing the worth of the economy to the world. As shown in the figure mentioned above, the China GDP has increased by US$1000 billion each year since 2012 showing the performance of the massive economy. In 2012, the GDP was US$8461.62 billion whereas in 2014 the GDP was registered worth US$10351.11 billion proving the improved business environment of the economy (Stats.gov.cn, 2016). Figure: China GDP Growth Rate (2011-2016) Source: (Stats.gov.cn, 2016) As per the released data issued by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, in the first quarter of 2016, Chinas economy has expanded by 6.7 percent at an annual rate. Under the current economic circumstances of China, the GDP growth rate of China is slightly down in compared to the last year but the GDP growth rate is in line with the expectations of the Chinese government and Central Bank. Conversely, after the global crisis of 2009, the annual GDP growth rate registered in the first quarter of 2016 is the lowest (Magnier, 2016). Meanwhile, driven by industrial output, new loans on fixed asset investment and retail sales have contributed to maintain the GDP annual growth rate in line with the estimation. Also, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has revised the GDP growth target of China from 6.3% to 6.5% showing the stable GDP growth of one of the biggest global economies (Stats.gov.cn, 2016). Under the discussion standpoint of the factors affecting GDP of developed countries such as China and Australia, the review paper has identified the three macro economic factors such as manufacturing, services and industrial output to determine the Gross Domestic Product of the economies. Economic growth for any developed or emerging economy has been identified through the surge in real GDP. Understandably, if the volume of manufacturing goods and services has been increased in a significant order, it can be stated that the economy is on the verge of growth momentum. In case of Australias GDP growth, there are two major factors affecting the GDP of the economy such as demand side factors and supply side factors. As far as demand supply factors are concerned, Aggregate Demand (AD) can be identified as one biggest demand side factors contributing to the higher GDP of Australian economy. Invariably, surge in consumer spending, investment, exports, government spending can lead to elevate d AD that is supportive for GDP growth perspective. Figure: Rise in Aggregated Demand leads to Higher Real GDP Source: (Vassalou, 2015) Meanwhile, as shown in the above presented graph, the aggregated demand curve has been shifted towards right from AD to AD2 showing the improvement. At the same point, due to the increase in AD, the Real GDP point has surged as the Y1 has shifted towards Y2. Cleary, as the consumer spending increased, the AD has surged to a significant point leading to Real GDP growth. As far as long-run GDP growth, supply side factors such as productive capacity of the economy has significantly affecting the real GDP (Vassalou, 2015). Moreover, industrial output, manufacturing index and services PMI have significantly contributed for larger GDP perspective. Figure: Australian Manufacturing PMI Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2016) Under the current economic scenario, the manufacturing PMI of Australian economy has been identified as 46.9 in 2016 whereas the services PMI is 45 index points showing the poor performance of the economy in compared to the previous data (Abs.gov.au, 2016). Figure: Australia Performance Services Index Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2016) Also, the industrial production of the economy has registered 4.78 percent in the first quarter of 2016. The industrial production MOM data shows 3.24 percent whereas manufacturing production has been registered at 3.06%. Invariably, all the data has indicated towards a positive economic outlook of the Australian economy. As far as government spending to GDP is concerned, the clearly, 36.2% has been contributed by the government in 2014-15 financial year. On this note, the government spending was AU$75,957 million in June, 2016 whereas the revenue was AU$40,456 million (Abs.gov.au, 2016). Moreover, in case of short-run economic growth, there are other factors to be considered such as commodity prices, political instability, and strength of labour market, infrastructure, and human capital of the economy. Understandably, if the commodity prices have been kept under check, the inflation rate can be controlled in an efficient order contributing towards better real GDP. Also, the human capital and labour market structure can lead to higher economic growth at the same time. Such factors have been quite positive for Australian economy fuelling further pace to real GDP advancement in the next decade or so if the global uncertainties will be kept under control (Hutchens, 2016). In terms of China economys real GDP growth is concerned, there are mainly three identified factors affecting the growth model such as bad loans write-off, social reforms and dropdown in government spending on real estate projects (Frangos, 2016). Under the current circumstances, the bad loan abandon amount of the Chinese banks have surged to the highest level since the financial crisis of 2008-09 to 28.5 billion Yuan showing the pathetic position of the banking system (Stats.gov.cn, 2016). The pressures on assets and debt have forced the China economy to bow down. Moreover, the government spending cut on the biggest real estate projects has forced the biggest MNEs of the economy to find new investors. As the projects have been delayed, the mortgage and property industry have not responded towards real GDP as much as it should be contributing. Therefore, the real GDP is hurting by the spending cuts (Zhao and Xu, 2013). Also, some of the social reforms have enforced increased rates on urbanisation affecting to the real GDP. Figure: China Manufacturing PMI Index Source: (Stats.gov.cn, 2016) In the meantime, the China manufacturing PMI Index has presented a significant improvement in spite of the adverse factors affecting to economic growth (Fogel, 2016). In the last quarter, the PMI registered at 50.0 index point while the expectancy was 50.1. Due to the wipe of output orders and new contracts, the manufacturing PMI has down a bit in compared to the previous of 50.6 (Stats.gov.cn, 2016). Figure: China Services PMI Source: (Stats.gov.cn, 2016) In terms of data regarding services PMI, the China Services PMI has revised to 52.1 index points in the last quarter as the index rose from 51.7 index point (Stats.gov.cn, 2016). Clearly, the outperformance of the services sector has been quite an achievement for the economy showing the worth of the economy. Figure: China Industrial Production Source: (Stats.gov.cn, 2016) Significantly, the industrial production of China has been one of the key affecting factors to real GDP. The data released in August of 2016 has shown that the industrial production of the worlds second largest economy has risen to 6.3% (Stats.gov.cn, 2016). The previous recorded data was 6.0%. Meanwhile, the industrial production data is largely supported by manufacturing, gas, electricity production and mining production (Chang, 2014). The discussion of the affecting factors to GDP of the both identified economies has shown the current status of the economies. In the next sections, a brief comparison and discussion have been drawn on the overall economic situation and factors leading to real GDP expansion. Comparing the GDP of both Australia and China, it can be seen that China is at a better position as compared to Australia. It can be seen that GDP of China is around $10,866.44, whereas the GDP of Australia is $1339.54 in the year 2015. On the other hand, China is at the second rank in the global GDP table and Australia is at 13th rank (Stats.gov.cn, 2016). Hence, it can be seen that Chinese economy is at better position than the Australian economy. Furthermore, it can be seen that the GDP growth rate of Australia was at 3.25 percent and the GDP growth rate of China was at 6.75 percent in year 2015. Hence, it can be seen that the Chinese economy beats the Australian economy in terms of GDP growth rate (Mariano and Murasawa, 2010). Now, considering the per capita income of the people, it can be seen that the per capita income of Chinese people is around $6416.18 that have continuously increased in the last five years. In the case of Australian economy, the per capita income of the people is around $64,500. Hence, it can be seen that the figures present a better living standards for the Australian people as compared to the Chinese people (Modis, 2013). In other words, the Australian people lead a better life with higher financial earnings as compared to the Chinese people. Considering the factors that impacts GDP of a nation, it can be seen that there are two major factors namely demand and supply in the market that influence the GDP of the country (Li and Whalley, 2012). It can be seen that rising per capita income of the people has gradually increased the demand in the Australian market. The same impact can be seen on the Chinese economy as well (McLean, 2012). Hence, the growth in the aggregate demand in both the economies has contributed to the rising GDP of the nations. On the other hand, supply has also increased that have controlled the price of products in both the markets (Stats.gov.cn, 2016). Hence, a controlled inflation rate can be seen in both of these economies. Both of the countries have managed to keep the inflation rate in control at 1 percent in the year 2015. It can be seen that after the global financial crisis, the inflation rate of both the countries have gone high and the government of China and Australia implemented necessary ma cro-economic reforms to control the price index in their respective markets. Considering the Australian Manufacturing PMI, the PMI rates have increased in the last five years from around 50 to above 55 index point. On the other hand, the Chinese Manufacturing PMI has fluctuated between 45 and 50 index point. Furthermore, the Chinese Service PMI have fluctuated more as compared to Australian Service PMI (Ho and Tsui, 2014). Hence, it can be seen that GDP of China is more depended on global market as compared to the Australian economy. It can be seen from the above analysis that the Australian government has made several changes in its macro-economic policies to control the demand and supply in the market. The fiscal and monetary policy of Australian government has been quite effective in overcoming the financial stress that has been faced by the country during the global economic crisis (Stats.gov.cn, 2016). A rise can be seen in the GDP of Australia till 2013 which have again decrease in 2014 and 2015. On the other hand, the GDP of China has increased in the last five years, but the GDP growth rate have decreased in the recent years (Modis, 2013). Hence, a fall in the momentum of GDP growth rates has been noticed in the case of China. The primary reason for continuous development of Chinas GDP is the improving technology and innovative ideas of business. The high level connection of Chinese Economy with the global market has led to increase in the national export that has helped the government to improve the GDP in the last five years (Yang et al., 2013). Furthermore, degrading condition of the Australian industries such as mining, coal and gas industry have highly impacted the GDP of the nation in the last two years. It can be seen that the falling demand for gas and over-supply have resulted in the fall in GDP contribution in the oil and gas industry of industry (Prasad, 2009). Along with that, the falling price of coal in the global market has severely impacted the supply of Australian coal in the international market. Hence, these factors have been identified as primary reasons for the fall of GDP in the year 2014 and 2015. It can be seen from the above analysis that the Australian government needs to make further changes in its macro-economic policies to improve the current status of the coal, oil and gas industries. Along with that, it needs to promote its mining industry to increase output that will help in increasing the GDP contribution of respective industries. Furthermore, the occurrence of draught must be dealt by the government to manage the production of the agricultural industry to maintain the economic balance of the nation. Through the identification of the current economic scenario of the two developed economies, it can be stated that the Australian economy has gone through a vital stage in compared to the Chinese Economy. Understandably, China, being the second largest economy has got versatile opportunities for further GDP development (Bhalla, 2012). In the discussion, the Australian economy has been compared to the second largest economies of the world to identify how the two economies are performing in context to the affecting factors leading to GDP growth. Understandably, the resources and capital structure available to the China economy is much more than to that of Australian economy. Hence, the China economy is clearly outperforming the Australian economy almost each of the sections. Moreover, as far as Gross Domestic Product is concerned, the affecting factors have put minor impact on the China economy in compared to Australian economy. Currently, the Australian GDP has been seemed to be topped out in 2013 with a GDP worth US$1563.9 billion. On the other side, the China economy has kept the rhythm going since the last five years registering an improved Gross Domestic Product YOY basis. Meanwhile, in 2015, the China economy has registered GDP worth US$10866.44 billion showing the capacity of the economy to the rest of the wo rld. The Australian government needs to identify precise fiscal policy and monetary policy to enforce interest rate cut and tax rate cut to enforce liquidity in the market. Thus, the government spending and consumer spending will be improved contributing to the GDP growth of the country. References Abs.gov.au. (2016).Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Aizenman, J., Yothin Jinjarak., and Marion, N. (2013).China's growth, stability, and use of international reserves. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Bacha, E. (2010). A three-gap model of foreign transfers and the GDP growth rate in developing countries.Journal of Development Economics, 32(2), pp.279-296. Bhalla, S. (2012).Devaluing to prosperity. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics. Chan, G. and Karp, P. (2016).Malcolm Roberts says families suffering from climate fraud in first speech as it happened. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2016/sep/13/coalition-weighs-up-75m-funding-for-11-february-marriage-equality-plebiscite-politics-live [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Chang, Y. (2014). An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Variation of GDP Gap by a Decomposition Method.Korean Journal of Applied Statistics, 27(3), pp.387-396. Fogel, R. (2016).Why China is likely to achieve its growth objectives. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Frangos, A. (2016).China Economic Gloom Takes a Breatherfor Now. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-economic-gloom-takes-a-breatherfor-now-1473745007 [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Haddad, M. and Shepherd, B. (2011).Managing openness. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Ho, K. and Tsui, A. (2014). Analysis of real GDP growth rates of greater China: An asymmetric conditional volatility approach.China Economic Review, 15(4), pp.424-442. Hunt, B. (2010).Emerging Asia's impact on Australian growth. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund. Hutchens, G. (2016).Labor under fire over $6bn budget savings deal with Coalition. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/sep/13/labor-under-fire-over-6bn-budget-savings-deal-with-coalition [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Li, C. and Whalley, J. (2012).China's potential future growth and gains from trade policy bargaining. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Magnier, M. (2016).Chinas Economy Rebounds With Help From Government Spending. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-economy-rebounds-with-help-from-government-spending-1473744662 [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Mariano, R. and Murasawa, Y. (2010). A Coincident Index, Common Factors, and Monthly Real GDP*.Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 72(1), pp.27-46. McLean, I. (2012).Why Australia Prospered. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Modis, T. (2013). Long-term GDP forecasts and the prospects for growth.Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(8), pp.1557-1562. Prasad, E. (2009).Rebalancing growth in Asia. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Ravallion, M. and Ravallion, M. (2010).Price Levels And Economic Growth. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. Stats.gov.cn. (2016).National Bureau of Statistics of China. [online] Available at: https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/ [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Vassalou, M. (2015). News Related to Future GDP Growth as Risk Factors in Equity Returns.SSRN Electronic Journal. Wildau, G. and Mitchell, T. (2016).China GDP growth slips to 6.7% as stimulus eases slowdown - FT.com. [online] Financial Times. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/faa4576c-0203-11e6-9cc4-27926f2b110c [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Yang, Y., Chen, H., Singh, S. and Singh, B. (2013).The Pacific Speed of Growth. Washington: International Monetary Fund. Zhao, X. and Xu, L. (2013). Decoupling between Construction Land Change and GDP Growth in China.AMR, 850-851, pp.1343-1346.

Comparison between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Essay Example

Comparison between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Paper The two articles are both about youth culture committing crimes, which are shown in statistics, pictures, text, bullet points and headlines. They give information on the crimes being committed (e. g. how many percent carry knifes). One article comes from The Guardian (broadsheet) and The Mirror (tabloid) The broadsheet shows an impartial view of the story, and gives an honest opinion and it shown is long columns, bullet points and statistics and the bullet points have a description, unlike the tabloid. The tabloid trys to shock us, it trys to convince us that the youth cultures are thugs. They attack the readers, and all that is shown in pictures, articles, columns and statistics. The Mirror uses a large picture trying to really traumatize us; the picture is of a young teenager holding a significantly large knife, the image is used to frighten us. The Mirror has many statistics without really explaining them. The tabloid presents its articles with headlines, subheadings, by-line, images and really have an explanation, The Guardian presents it articles with long headlines, subtitles, by-line, statistics, long columns and the stats are followed by an explanation, which is really easy to understand. The Guardian and The Mirror have big differences, e. g. tabloids have more news about celebrities and gossip, and the broadsheet is about more considerable subjects such as politics and business. Both newspapers have a dissimilar effect, the tabloid trys to shock us, convince us that teenagers are thugs. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They pounce on the readers and the broadsheet show a balanced view, tells us that its not that horrific. The tabloid uses a lot of space up on pictures and statistics, which arent explained well. The statistics are shown as large numbers with a little brief explanation: 4% of boys aged 15 to 16 have tried cocaine. But the broadsheet an actual explanation: among 15and 16 year olds, 25% of girls and 30% of boys said they have tried cannabis at least once. As you can see the broadsheet uses a longer, understanding description. The writers opinion of teenagers in the tabloid is prejudiced, but the writer of broadsheet article is balanced and believes that its not that bad, and its says for example things like out of 100 only 4 have sampled cocaine The writer of the tabloid article interviews Barry Anderson and says that he calls them the thugs breed the writer doesnt interview the teenagers to see other side of the story. The broadsheet interviews both adults and teenagers to hear each side, the adults have done confidential interviews with the teenagers, the interviewer also made up a phony drug to catch out liars. The tabloid doesnt interview the so-called thugs to hear their side, so we only hear the writers opinion, so its influences us to believe that teenagers are thugs. The broadsheet uses long complete words which shows that journalists are actually well knowledgeable and do investigate, unlike the tabloid which uses a couple of slang words. Both articles use interviews though in The Guardian the interview is with Barry Anderson who is chief executive of the communities that care, and The Mirror also interviews Barry Anderson. In the tabloid they do not quote him as much, they write that the refers to the teenagers as the thugs breed, the difference in the tabloid splits Barry Anderson quotes all over the article, but the broadsheet puts the whole quote together, dissimilar to the tabloid that use the quotes to validate their point. Even though both articles are about the same subject, they are written in different ways The Guardian uses complex, multi-syllable words such as confidential, criminality, offending, dominantly assumption, representative ect. The tabloid uses, more slang and emotional words such as bring drinking, thugs, and Cinderella. The Mirror uses shorter sentences, which are easier to read, the text is for more ordinary people, unlike the broadsheet which is for more sophisticated/professional people e. g. teachers, doctors, business men ect. ), Because they use more complex text and longer sentences. The broadsheet says, The author stressed that most young people were law abiding most of the time and that would not be placed in The Mirror because they are saying that teenagers are law abiding which is the opposite of what The Mirror believes. The sentences in the two newspapers are different because they are both aimed at different people. The Mirror is for most, ordinary people The Guardian is for more educated/ professional people, The Guardians article uses longer sentences because its contains more information. I personally favour The Guardian because it gives a fair view and gives out more information and gives an easier quote that isnt scattered throughout the article. They give explanations, The Guardian believes that the problem isnt bad, they believe its not a lot they say its bad, but not much. The Mirror says that its appalling, and that the figures are too high. The Mirror is more negative and believes that teenagers are the thugs breed. Unlike the broadsheet which sympathys for the teenagers and believes that most teenagers are law abiding. I believe that the statistics are not that bad, for example only 4 out of every 100 have tried cocaine, but the tabloid disagrees. All in all its bad but not as bad as the tabloid makes it to be.

Russell Surname Meaning and Family History

Russell Surname Meaning and Family History Russell is a common patronymic surname derived from the given name Rousel, old French for someone with red hair or a ruddy complexion. Russell is the 93rd most popular surname in the United States and England, and the 47th most common surname in Scotland. Surname origin:  English, Scottish, IrishAlternate surname spellings:  Russel, Rusell, Roussell, Ruessell, Roussel, Ruessel   Famous People With the Surname Robert C. Russell - Inventor of the Soundex system for indexing names by the way they soundJames Russell - Invented the compact disk (CD) in 1965 Where Is This Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution data from Forebears, the Russell surname is among the top 100 most common surnames in a number of countries, including The Bahamas (15th), Scotland (60th), Australia (68th), New Zealand (72nd), the United States (87th), England (90th), and Jamaica (91st). In England, the name is most commonly found in the southwestern counties- Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, and Surrey. WorldNames PublicProfiler identifies Australia as the country where the Russell surname is most common today, as well as in Scotland, particularly in South and North Lanarkshire, West Lothian, Falkirk, and Clackmannan. Genealogy Resources Russell  family crest: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Russell  family crest or coat of arms for the Russell surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.Russell family genealogies: Links to descendant genealogies for a number of early Russell families in the United States.Russell family genealogy forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Russell surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Russell query.FamilySearch - Russell genealogy: Explore over 5.6  million  historical records which mention individuals with the Russell surname, as well as online Russell family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.GeneaNet Russell  records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources f or individuals with the Russell  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Russell  genealogy and family tree: Browse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Russell  from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Make a convincing argument for BOTH sides of an issue that has been Essay

Make a convincing argument for BOTH sides of an issue that has been considered by the U.S. Supreme Court or a U.S. Court of Appeals within the past twenty years or so - Essay Example The United States Supreme Court has enunciated a number of ways that student athlete drug testing does not infringe the Fourth Amendment Right or any other that various students have filed suits on, especially the high school athletes. The first case that attracted a lot of attention was the Vernonia v. Acton where student athletes, in support of their parents, accused their school in court for violating their rights through the drug tests. However, the United States Supreme Court ruled against the students by allowing the public school to continue with the administration of the drug tests. From this verdict, it is clear that the students do not have the option of evading the tests and the public schools have the permission of using force; moreover, this could apply even when the school administration does not have any reason suggesting that the student may have abused drugs. Based on the results of this, public schools in different parts of United States initiated drug-testing programs for every student participating in other supplementary undertakings including being members of certain clubs. A few years later, the Supreme Court experienced another case of Board of Education v. Earls where the court supported the general practice giving all public schools the mandate to administer drug tests to all scholars who engaged in any activities sanctioned by the school administration. Additionally, the Supreme Court also went further to permit the subjecting of drug tests even the rest of the students that did not participate in extracurricular activities. Essentially, even before the Vernonia v. Acton case, the United States Court of Appeal had made it clear that it is not necessary that public schools have an apparent reason to frisk scholars in the New Jersey v. TLO case. All the same, the public schools required a rational notion of the student engaging in unauthorized actions; relatively, this

The advantages and disadvantages of using solar panels and where it Essay

The advantages and disadvantages of using solar panels and where it used - Essay Example According to Gevorkian (2007, p. 57), these hitches have led humans to seek alternative energy sources such as wind, wave, and solar energy. Solar energy is basically the energy derived from the sun. One way of harnessing this energy is through solar panels. Solar panels are simply devices that convert light energy into electric energy as noted by Mayer, Scully, Hardin, Rowell and McGehee (2007, p. 29). Another name for solar panels is photovoltaics which simply means light- electricity. Yet another name for the solar panel is solar module. More specifically, a solar module refers to a group of solar cells put together and packaged in a frame, and these can be grouped into larger arrays. Even the most primitive generation of man was aware of the power stored in warmth of the sun. Some early uses of solar energy included home heating, solar cookers, and water desalinations. In the last couple of centuries, humans have been able to make great advancements related to harnessing the immense energy from the Sun. Though just a small percentage of the sun’s energy reaches the earth, it is still possible to create massive power plants that receive energy from it. In 1839 Alexandre Edmond Becquerel discovered how to explain the means by which photovoltaic effect can be used to create energy. The next century saw the development of solar cells, in 1921 Albert Einstein received Nobel price for his work on photovoltaic effects and in 1941 the first solar cells were invented by Russell Ohl (Energy Matters 2012; PRLOG 2009). Solar cells are made of materials which are special in function known as semi-conductors. The most common material semiconductors are made of is silicon. When the semiconductor comes into contact with light, it absorbs a portion of it, meaning the light energy absorbed is transferred to the semiconductors (Nelson 2003, p 25). This energy causes a knock on the electron making them to move freely. There are one or more electric fields that force

Personal Philosophy and Model of Supervision Essay

Personal Philosophy and Model of Supervision - Essay Example The supervisor’s role within this is multi-faceted, and includes many important features that are vital within counseling objectives. Often dealing with multiple tasks that require differing methods, the supervisor serves as mentor, teacher, evaluator, and counselor, while also assuring cliental needs. S/he is there to encourage, protect, teach, inform, train, advise, and guarantee the successful training of supervisees, through the implementation of a personally chosen supervisory model that has evolved in the course of professional experience. When facing the challenge of defining a supervision model that serves all of the above criteria, but which is still personal and tailored to any given philosophy on the role of counseling, the situation of the supervisee sitting under the supervisor immediately springs to mind. What are the expectations of the supervisee? What are they hoping to achieve, to obtain, from their mentor? What is their role within the procedure, and how can they help to ensure that effective training occurs? I believe, above all, that supervision is first and foremost client, or supervisee, orientated. The main reason for wanting to enter any caring profession is always to do with helping others, and in this respect, supervision is no different. A caring nature, compassion, concern, availability, and the desire to see changed lives, all form part of my reasons for wanting to enter into this vocation. However, having these much needed elements does not form a good supervisor – it is just the starting point. Supervision aspires to take someone from this starting point and to shape them into a professional supervisor, who is able to perform all of the necessary functions that supervising entails. Teaching professional conduct, ethics and safety, different procedures, techniques, and so forth, it is through good supervision that good supervisors are formed – or, of course, the opposite. And, therefore, the

Integrated Marketing Communication Program for Jeans

Integrated Marketing Communication Program for Jeans Executive summary: Various jeans industry such as Denim, Levis, and Disney etc. design various integrated marketing program. Although common objective of all IMC program is increase brand awareness, sale and design a unique image in customers mind. In order to address and attract customer all jeans industry launch various campaign. To communicate with public and customers they advertise their campaign on TV, magazine, online and radio. Through their advertisement they want to design their brand image in customer mind. Besides advertisement, they also carried out promotion activity, public relation, direct marketing etc. Direct marketing is although time consuming but most effective tool for communication. Various jeans industry also organizes various events in order to communicate properly with customers, for example Aadharshila Brand solution was planning to launch an event called â€Å"JEAN JANOON† for their client â€Å"The HUB† a multi brand outlet for apparel. Main purpose of this event is to increase the sale of jeans. Before designing IMC program this company carried out market research in order to judge customers behaviors toward jeans. For research they design the strategy for â€Å"JEAN JANOON† event. During the event they decided to get feedback from customer who visits â€Å"The HUB† multiband retail outlet so that appropriate primary data can be collected for designing IMC strategy for â€Å"The HUB†. Before designing integrated marketing communication program it is necessary to judge consumers behavior toward jeans , it is necessary to known customers liking and disliking, these data provide various support during designing of IMC program. Although there are various media available for communicating but Printads in magazine and news paper is seen most effective medium followed by television. After Research survey done by various jeans company, it has been found that male respondents were less brand conscious than female. There is no particular fashion trend among males, but females are more conscious towards seasonal fashion trends. â€Å"Fitting† and â€Å"style† are the major attributes considered by customer while buying jeans. Marketing plan plan Situation Analysis: Every organization faces a lot of problem at present time so it became necessary for every organization that before setting any objective carried out situation analysis in order to recognize strength, weakness, opportunities and threat present in our organization. According to Sally and John, marketing plans are â€Å"the written document or blueprint for implementing and controlling an organizations marketing activities related to a particular marketing strategy† . A successful marketing plan is able to improve organizations profits and growth, uses in objective setting and monitors results. So to gain a successful market plan it is necessary to to understand the current situation comprehensively and trends affecting the future of the organization.There are two major reasons to explain why situation analysis plays a vital role in developing marketing plan. Firstly, dynamic marketing environment will lead to uncertainty, threats and opportunities for marketers. Marketing managers who success to know changes in environment through situation analysis can lead their companies to capitalize on opportunities and cope with threats created by changes. Then, systematically analyzing situational environments in order to identify our customers and understand their needs. There are certain opportunities in jeans industry, such as increase women wear collection, increase market and market share through integrated PR, and advertisement and promotional campaign. Besides opportunities there is a lot of threat that create barrier for entry in to jeans industry. These threats are as follow: Increasing competition in ethical fashion Ethical brand is not taken seriously by public High price and loyalty decrease loyalty toward brand Main objective behind situation analysis is to known analyze customer, competitor and there strategy. Marketing objective: After situation analysis we became able to known our organization strength, weakness, opportunities and threat present in environment. It provides a lot of support in setting of objective. There may be a lot of marketing objective, some are as follow: Increase market share To create new successful denim and clothing rang and expand it to convert not user in to user. Increase sale by 50% in 6 month from the launch of public campaign Create awareness among target audience. Use excessive advertising especially using media preferred by the target market. Create product belonging and position among buyers mind Marketing strategies: Toachieve these objective we implement various strategy. Target market: Urban personality: Affluent young professional Prosperous young professional Students and cosmopolitan Marketing Mix Strategies : Main aim of various jeans industry to produce high quality jeans in various qualities such as five packet jeans in various size. This is mostly done to capture youth attention. They produce jeans in various colour to capture more market share. Must of jeans brand such as levis, denim, dem lea diesel jeans jump in to Indian market by producing high quality of jeans Pricing range from 4.7 $ to 9.5$. Jeans do not need too much promotion. It is done mostly by fair, E – commerce and agent The distribution channels for jeans industry are as follows. MANUFACTURER (COMPANY) WHOLESELLER JEANS SEND TO RETAILER CUSTOMER Internal Process It is as follows. Sample Cutting Stitching Washing Pressing and labeling Finishing Dispatched to store Packing and containers Explanation The sample is first send by the buyer. Its called a gold seal sample. In cutting dept, one piece is placed on the other and in this way a bundle of 50 Jeans is made. Then the cutter cuts it. In the stitching dept, front end or the upper part is made. Then backend is made and they are assembled together in the assembly end. Then the belt is made. Washing can be done by simple garment wash or through the stone wash and chemicals. It is done according to the buyers request. In Pressing and labeling dept, the Jeans are pressed and then labeled for identification. In finishing dept, the quality of jeans is checked and mistakes are rectified. Then the Jeans dispatched to the store. Then packing is done. It is done according to the buyers request. Then they are sent to the containers. Samples of Product; Implementation tactics : Launch a blind ad campaign on billboards and magazines in all A class areas of major cities and magazine. Heavy advertising on TV, newspapers and magazines Set displays of jeans in showrooms and major dealer outlets in all cities. Reduce number of billboards, television and magazines advertisements. Continue Advertising Evaluation, Monitoring and Control: Goal of marketing plan is to achieve market objective that are established before implementation of marketing plan. We evaluate and control our strategic tactic by comparing our result with standard established before setting of plan, by measuring customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. If result is less than our standard than there any is default in implementation and monitoring. The people who are responsible for the monitoring and control of the marketing plan involves, the Marketing Executives, Sales Managers, Media Managers, Market Research Departments, and the Production Managers. Some activities must be carried out for precisely and closely evaluating the effectiveness of the strategies and tactics for example the gathering and structuring of data regarding market, product, consumers and the pricing trends, then the generation of daily sales report should be maintained and then in the end continuous reconfirming of the marketing budget and activities by the managers of different divisions. The Integrated Marketing Communication Plan Integrated Marketing Communications is a term used to describe a holistic approach to marketing communication. It aims to ensure consistency of message and the complementary use of media. The concept includes online and offline marketing channels. Online marketing channels include any e-marketing campaigns or programs, pay-per-click, affiliate, email, banner to latest web related channels for webinar, blog, micro-blogging, RSS, podcast, and Internet TV. Offline marketing channels are traditional print (newspaper, magazine), mail order, public relations, industry relations, billboard, radio, and television. A company develops its integrated marketing communication programme using all the elements of the marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion) So Integrated marketing communication is integration of all marketing tools, approaches, and resources within a company which maximizes impact on consumer mind and which results into maximum profit at minimum cost. Promotional activities include Advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling activities. It also includes internet marketing, sponsorship marketing, direct marketing, database marketing and public relations. And integration of all these promotional tools along with other components of marketing mix to gain edge over competitor is called Integrated Marketing Communication. Situational analysis: First of all we carried out we carried out situation analysis in order to unedrtood problem. In this we identify our compititors and their strategy for example Levi carried out compititor analysis and find out various strategy adopted by Tommy Hilfiger, JNCO, VF Corporation, Gap, Calvin Klein, Diesel and Paris Blues. After situation analysis Levy Strauss Company find out thattheCalifornia gold rush outfitter whose trademark blue jeans have been an American clothing staple for generations, had fallen on hard times by 2004 and needed a change in strategic direction.After seven consecutive years of falling sales, profits turned to losses in 2003. Management responded to the decline by moving its manufacturing plants offshore and by introducing a new line of discount jeans at Wal-Mart.It also considered selling off its Dockers casual pants unit in order to focus on its jeans business. Under situation analysis we also analyze financial position of company. IMC objective: There are various IMC objective set by jeans company after situation analysis in order to accomplish their goal. Some of objective are as follow: To Increase sale by 50% in six month To Increase brand awareness To Increase customer loyality To Increase desire of customer To Increase repeat purchase To measure customer satisfaction To create relationship with customer on personal level To control and observe public opinion To receive feedback from customer on regular basis Media objectivesstate the impact that you expect to have on an audience in terms of reach and frequency. Objectives must meet the following criteria: Measurability Quantifiability Realism time-specificity Budget determination: We need to establish what amount of money will be needed to achieve the IMC objectives.Although there is various methods present to determine what amount of money invest on IMC. These methods are as follow: Affordable Method Percentage of Sales Method Unit of Sales Method Zero Budgeting Method Inaffordable methodwe invest money on IMC as soon as we can afford. However inPercentage of Sales Methodamount of money invest on IMC tool depend on what amount of sale we expect to achieve during course of year. These percentages are mostly adhoc and sometime based on judgment. InUnit of Sales MethodCompany allocate a certain proportion of cost of product to promotion. Thus say if ex factory cost of the product is say Rs 100/ the company will allot Rs.10/- toward promotion cost. Hence if company expects sale 10,000 unit of the product, thus allocated IMC budget will be Rs.100.000/-. In Zero Budgeting Method, company determine what need to achieve in term of sale and then rework backward in term of what money will be needed to be allocate to deliver those customers. Thus if company believe that in order to achieve their sales, 10,000 customers need to purchase their jeans once during the planning period than it will work out what number of prospective customers will needed to be tar geted through ATL and BTL activity, in order to achieve that result. IMC Methodologies There are various component of integrated marketing communication that is as follow: Advertisement Advertisement is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas or products by an identified sponsor. Objective of any ads is to increase brand awareness. Objectives: There are mostly three objective of advertisement compaign, that are as follow: Inform Persuade Remind Inform: Informative advertising, seeks to tell the market about the jeans, explain the new quality added in jeans, provide information on pricing, and build awareness of both the jeans quality and the company. Such objectives are normally pursued at the launch of a new quality jeans, or re-launch / up-date of an existing jean. Persuade: Here objectives are to encourage the target audience to switch brands, make the purchase, and create a preference in the market for the jeans as opposed to its competition. Advertising of this nature is required in highly competitive markets, where a range of jeans design competes directly with each other. In such circumstances businesses often seek to differentiate their jeans through Comparison Advertising – either directly or indirectly comparing its jeans to that of its competitors. Remind: Reminder Advertising, is used to maintain interest and awareness of a well established jeans brand in the market, often in the latter stages of its product life cycle. It is often used at the Point-of-Purchase to remind consumers of the Brand. Advertisement budget: Having identified advertising objectives, the advertising budget must be set. Determining exactly how much a business should spend on advertising to achieve the desired level of sales. Commonly, the decision is based on past experience of expenditure on advertising, and the sales subsequently achieved. There are however a number of factors that can be considered in setting the advertising budget Factors influencing the setting of advertising Budgets: Product life cycle stage:New products in the Launch stage of their Product Life Cycle, will normally require greater expenditure on advertising to create product awareness, and encourage consumers to trial the product. Whilst products that have reached Maturity in their product life cycle, will often require smaller advertising budgets to achieve the level of sales required. Competition:The number of competitors in the market, and their expenditure on advertising competing products, will influence a business to spend to a similar or higher degree. Product Differentiation:A product very similar to other products on the market may require greater expenditure on advertising to differentiate it from its competitors. Advertising Strategy: Developing an Advertising Strategy to achieve the objectives of a campaign, requires that consideration be given to both the ‘Message which will be communicated and the ‘Media through which it will be sent Advertising Message An advertising campaign, no matter how much money is spent, no matter what media is used, will only be successful if the Message appeals to the target audience. Given the level of advertising which bombards the average consumer, a successful advertising message must stand out amongst the advertising clutter. Thus marketing professionals are required to be creative, imaginative and innovative in developing the advertising message, both in terms of what is said, and How it is said? What is said This is often referred to as the ‘Big Idea, and will normally address the key benefits sought by the target audience, motivating the audience to pay attention. Given the constant search for new ways to appeal to target audiences, it is difficult to categories the content of advertising messages which a business may send, below we include a couple of examples of actual message strategy. During delivery of advertisement massage in customer mind take the personality symbol, lifestyle and musical as consideration. In addition the tone of the advertisement will need to be established, which can be either positive or negative. The advert may therefore promote positive feelings of fun, contentment, and happiness or take on a more negative, somber, or even threatening tone. Selecting Advertising Media: In addition to deciding upon the content, style and tone of the advertising message, the media through which the message will be communicated to the target audience must also be selected. Mostly for jeans advertisement we select media such as magazine, newspaper and outdoor. TV rarely used for advertisement of jeans. In order to select the most appropriate media, consideration must should be given to various advantage and disadvantage of various media. Strengths and weakness of various media are as given below: Television : Strengths Dynamic attention getting media, combining visual, sound and animated stimulus. Strong potential Impact High market coverage Good at demonstrating products Weaknesses: Highly expensive Poor at communicating lengthy technical information Newspapers: Strengths: Targeting is possible through profiling readership Good level of market coverage Weaknesses: Static media, not suitable for product demonstration Potential for poor reproduction, sometimes limited to black and white print Short-life span, i.e. todays newspapers become tomorrows rubbish Magazines: Strengths: High quality reproduction, of color images Targeting is possible through specialist publications Good pass on readership Weaknesses: Static media, not suitable for product demonstration Lengthy lead-time between advert being placed and magazine being published Outdoor: Strengths: High repeat exposure to advert Relatively low cost Low levels of competition, in terms of advertising clutter Weaknesses: Limited audience selectivity / targeting possible Static media, not suitable for product demonstrations Difficult to monitor effectiveness â€Å"Make them your own† is the name of the campaign launched by Levis to boost the sale of Denim jeans. This is one of the most aggressive marketing and advertising strategy followed by Levis to move up the sales. The theme of this marketing campaign is narcissistic youth. It will feature youth who will check themselves out in Denim blue jeans. The advertising will target the age group of 18 – 24 years. Mostly levy also select TV, Magazine, and Newspaper as a media for delivering there massage about their product in customer mind. PRINT Ads: This ad focus on that even in bad time our company ABC produce good quality of product in comparison to our competitor. ABC Company compares their product with competitors in quality and design. Through this ads company want to show that our product is superior in quality and design. Sale promotion: Sale promotion is collection of various consumers and trade promotional tool such as rebate, discount, gift, contest, coupons, price deal, contest game, sampling etc. to increase sale of products. There are certain objectives of sale promotion. However main objective is to increase immediate sale because Sales Managers are under great pressure to produce results quickly. Objective: There are certain objectives of sale promotion that are as follow: To increase immediate customer sale To increase support among the marketers sales force. To gain the support of the trade in marketing the product Reasons for Growth of Sales Promotion: There are number of reason for growth of company in sale promotion some are as follow: Increasing Competition Due to increase in competition, companies are finding it increasingly difficult to compete on quality. They are therefore resorting to more innovative methods of sales promotion. In order to have a competitive advantage over its competitors like Levis, Pepe, Killer and others, Spykar Jeans, once a year has a grand sale of up to 50%. Customers Have Become More Price Sensitive: The increase price sensitivity is direct result of rampant inflation. Economic support this trend further, as a result customers and dealer became more sensitive toward price. If the customers get branded jeans at half the actual price, then they are definitely going to make huge purchases of Spykar Jeans because they want value for their money, as they are price sensitive. Sales Promotions Generally Create an Immediate Positive Impact on Sales: Advertising, personal selling and other methods of promotion produce slower impact on sales in compared to sales promotion. Sales promotions are mostly for short duration, for a specified period, leading to a sense of urgency in consumers to buy now. This creates an immediate positive impact on sales. Products have become more standardized: In many product categories there is proliferation of brand or line extension and me too many brands. Most of brand perceived by consumer varies little in price. Due to this it became very difficult for advertiser to reposition their product in customers mind. Due to which they focus on more and more on sale promotion to get immediate result. Advertising Has Become More Expensive and Less Effective: All the advertising media have become quite expensive. Audio-visual medium, which is considered as the most effective for short-duration ads, may cost in excess of Rs. 1 lakh for a 10 second exposure during prime time. In many cases, consumers have reached a point of boredom due to excessive advertising on TV. Firms with small budgets cannot compete with big companies, which spend huge sums of money on advertising. For these small budget firms, sales promotion is a more cost-effective promotion method to produce sales results. Trade Has Become More Powerful: At present time Retailers and wholesalers have became more powerful and demand extra facility from company to promote their product. Company has no other alternative. Besides these there are also various kind reason such as Excess Stocks, Impulse Buying Is Increasing, Sales Promotions Maximize Profits etc. Promotion Strategies: Promotional strategy is mostly run to change consumers behavior, to increase brand image, to increase profit, to increase sale of various good. There are mostly two kind of sale promotion, one is directed toward consumer and other one is directed toward trade such as dealer, supplier, retailer etc. Consumer sale promotion tool: There are a lot of promotional tool used to increase sale. Consumer sale promotion is directed toward consumer. It stimulate consumer to purchase their product rapidly. There are a lot of tool that are as follow: Price deal: Price deal is temporary reduction in price of product. There are two type of deal: cents-off deals and price-pack deals. Price deal is given at various times to stimulate purchase of jeans. Coupon: A coupon is typically a printed certificate giving the bearer a stated price reduction or special value on a specific product, generally for a specific period. Various company issue various kind of coupon that contain various discount price , customer get the advantage of this discount and purchase jeans at low price. Offer: There are various kind of gift is offer by various jeans industry. For example the branding magazine said that the Gap will be conducting a marketing campaign centered on the idea that your favorite songs and your favorite jeans, Gap jeans, make the perfect fit. Customers who try on a pair of the retailers new jeans will receive a free iTMS download. The campaign will be marketed with print and TV ads, and will feature TV commercials with musicians singing covers of their favorite song while wearing Gap jeans. The company will be offering those collected covers in a CD at retail Gap locations for customers who make a US$60 or more Gap purchase. Premium: Sometime various companies like Levy, Denim etc. offer some gift or at bargain price to encourage customer buying. Sampling: Some company like American eagles to known customer feedback provide free simple of various jeans according to their preference. Advertising Specialities: Advertising specialities also call a promotional product. It mostly given to our loyal customers. It includes various card like birthday card, New Year card. It is mostly done to retain old customer. Trade sale promotion tool: Objectives of Trade Sales Promotion: Gain/maintain distribution Influence resellers to promote product Influence resellers to offer price discount Increase reseller inventory Defend against competitors Avoid reduction of normal prices There are various sale promotion tools that stimulate trade to promote company product. There are a lot of trade sale promotion tools some are as discussed below: Trade Allowances: Trade allowancesare short-term special allowances, discounts, or deals granted to resellers to stimulate reseller to rapid purchase of their product. Point-of-Purchase Display: Point-of-purchase displays are generally used at the retail level to call customer attention to a featured product. In this company employees observe every retail shop and those retail shop that display more company product will be winner of special gift or prize Trade Shows: A trade show is periodic, semi periodic public event at which supplier displays their jeans product and provides information about jeans quality and price to potential buyer. After implementing these different techniques of sale promotion we monitor result and evaluate these by comparing with objective set before implementation of plan. Public relation Public relation is nothing but creating a favorable relation for organization and product which is done through used of various communication channel and tool. So public relation is mostly done to improve the image of company and build good image in customers mind. So public relation may be define as â€Å"Public Relations is a set of management, supervisory, and technical functions that foster an organizations ability to strategically listen to, appreciate, and respond to those persons whose mutually beneficial relationships with the organization are necessary if it is to achieve its missions and values. Objective: Like other aspect of marketing, public relation is also used to address several broad aspect of marketing like: Building Product Awareness–When introducing a new product or relaunching an existing product, marketers can use a PR element that generates consumer attention and awareness through media placements and special events. Creating Interest:Public Relation create public interest to used the product at least for once time. Providing Information:Through the Public relation we can provide a lot of information about company activity and their product feature and service provided by company. This information is delivered to public through newspaper, article website, collateral material; PR helps in delivering information that helps to public in understanding the product feature. Stimulating Demand:A positive article in a newspaper, on TV, news show or mentioned on the Internet, often results in a discernable increase in product sales. Reinforcing the Brand:In many companies like levy, denim jeans company the public relations function is also involved with brand reinforcement by maintaining positive relationships with key audiences, and thereby aiding in building a strong image. Direct Marketing Direct marketing is business of selling company product directly to customers through mail order, telephone, fax, e-mails, or web selling, rather than through retailers. Objective: There are mostly to objective for which direct marketing is carried out these are as follow: Convert not user to user. It is mostly done to obtain new client. The identification of new potential clients is very crucial when it comes to recruit new prospects and transformed them into your clients. The perpetual loyalty of customers. A loyal consumer cost less than new customers. Strategy: Various jeans industry like denim, Levi Strauss Co involved in direct marketing to get more market share. These companies sent a mail-order catalog to approximately prospective customers. 100-page catalog, developed in-house, targets both men and women and also contains 10 pages devoted to home products. There are various tools for direct marketing these are as :Direct response television marketing. Besides these jeans producing company also used various methods to promote their product. One method that Levis has recently taken is Path Breaking Strategy. Path breaking strategy by Levis: This strategy is mostly for those jeans whose cost above Rs.1400. We know a lot of thing about EMIs for house, car and other kind of white goods. But these EMIs is first time adopted by Levis for jeans.This idea has been conceptualized by Levis. Downturn market, cost cutting everywhere and empty pockets is the present situation; and here to curb all these hindrances, Levis is now, for the first time ever offering EMI facilities on its apparel wear in India. Simply shop for more than Rs. 1500 and you can avail this offer. This amount will be set off through your credit card in three equal installments. They have also tied up with ICICI Bank for the credit card settlement. There are certain objectives behind this strategy that are as follow: To increase the sales of premium jeans wear category that is worth more than Rs. 4000 per denim. To ensure sales throughout the year irrespective of seasonality:How will this objective be achie Integrated Marketing Communication Program for Jeans Integrated Marketing Communication Program for Jeans Executive summary: Various jeans industry such as Denim, Levis, and Disney etc. design various integrated marketing program. Although common objective of all IMC program is increase brand awareness, sale and design a unique image in customers mind. In order to address and attract customer all jeans industry launch various campaign. To communicate with public and customers they advertise their campaign on TV, magazine, online and radio. Through their advertisement they want to design their brand image in customer mind. Besides advertisement, they also carried out promotion activity, public relation, direct marketing etc. Direct marketing is although time consuming but most effective tool for communication. Various jeans industry also organizes various events in order to communicate properly with customers, for example Aadharshila Brand solution was planning to launch an event called â€Å"JEAN JANOON† for their client â€Å"The HUB† a multi brand outlet for apparel. Main purpose of this event is to increase the sale of jeans. Before designing IMC program this company carried out market research in order to judge customers behaviors toward jeans. For research they design the strategy for â€Å"JEAN JANOON† event. During the event they decided to get feedback from customer who visits â€Å"The HUB† multiband retail outlet so that appropriate primary data can be collected for designing IMC strategy for â€Å"The HUB†. Before designing integrated marketing communication program it is necessary to judge consumers behavior toward jeans , it is necessary to known customers liking and disliking, these data provide various support during designing of IMC program. Although there are various media available for communicating but Printads in magazine and news paper is seen most effective medium followed by television. After Research survey done by various jeans company, it has been found that male respondents were less brand conscious than female. There is no particular fashion trend among males, but females are more conscious towards seasonal fashion trends. â€Å"Fitting† and â€Å"style† are the major attributes considered by customer while buying jeans. Marketing plan plan Situation Analysis: Every organization faces a lot of problem at present time so it became necessary for every organization that before setting any objective carried out situation analysis in order to recognize strength, weakness, opportunities and threat present in our organization. According to Sally and John, marketing plans are â€Å"the written document or blueprint for implementing and controlling an organizations marketing activities related to a particular marketing strategy† . A successful marketing plan is able to improve organizations profits and growth, uses in objective setting and monitors results. So to gain a successful market plan it is necessary to to understand the current situation comprehensively and trends affecting the future of the organization.There are two major reasons to explain why situation analysis plays a vital role in developing marketing plan. Firstly, dynamic marketing environment will lead to uncertainty, threats and opportunities for marketers. Marketing managers who success to know changes in environment through situation analysis can lead their companies to capitalize on opportunities and cope with threats created by changes. Then, systematically analyzing situational environments in order to identify our customers and understand their needs. There are certain opportunities in jeans industry, such as increase women wear collection, increase market and market share through integrated PR, and advertisement and promotional campaign. Besides opportunities there is a lot of threat that create barrier for entry in to jeans industry. These threats are as follow: Increasing competition in ethical fashion Ethical brand is not taken seriously by public High price and loyalty decrease loyalty toward brand Main objective behind situation analysis is to known analyze customer, competitor and there strategy. Marketing objective: After situation analysis we became able to known our organization strength, weakness, opportunities and threat present in environment. It provides a lot of support in setting of objective. There may be a lot of marketing objective, some are as follow: Increase market share To create new successful denim and clothing rang and expand it to convert not user in to user. Increase sale by 50% in 6 month from the launch of public campaign Create awareness among target audience. Use excessive advertising especially using media preferred by the target market. Create product belonging and position among buyers mind Marketing strategies: Toachieve these objective we implement various strategy. Target market: Urban personality: Affluent young professional Prosperous young professional Students and cosmopolitan Marketing Mix Strategies : Main aim of various jeans industry to produce high quality jeans in various qualities such as five packet jeans in various size. This is mostly done to capture youth attention. They produce jeans in various colour to capture more market share. Must of jeans brand such as levis, denim, dem lea diesel jeans jump in to Indian market by producing high quality of jeans Pricing range from 4.7 $ to 9.5$. Jeans do not need too much promotion. It is done mostly by fair, E – commerce and agent The distribution channels for jeans industry are as follows. MANUFACTURER (COMPANY) WHOLESELLER JEANS SEND TO RETAILER CUSTOMER Internal Process It is as follows. Sample Cutting Stitching Washing Pressing and labeling Finishing Dispatched to store Packing and containers Explanation The sample is first send by the buyer. Its called a gold seal sample. In cutting dept, one piece is placed on the other and in this way a bundle of 50 Jeans is made. Then the cutter cuts it. In the stitching dept, front end or the upper part is made. Then backend is made and they are assembled together in the assembly end. Then the belt is made. Washing can be done by simple garment wash or through the stone wash and chemicals. It is done according to the buyers request. In Pressing and labeling dept, the Jeans are pressed and then labeled for identification. In finishing dept, the quality of jeans is checked and mistakes are rectified. Then the Jeans dispatched to the store. Then packing is done. It is done according to the buyers request. Then they are sent to the containers. Samples of Product; Implementation tactics : Launch a blind ad campaign on billboards and magazines in all A class areas of major cities and magazine. Heavy advertising on TV, newspapers and magazines Set displays of jeans in showrooms and major dealer outlets in all cities. Reduce number of billboards, television and magazines advertisements. Continue Advertising Evaluation, Monitoring and Control: Goal of marketing plan is to achieve market objective that are established before implementation of marketing plan. We evaluate and control our strategic tactic by comparing our result with standard established before setting of plan, by measuring customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. If result is less than our standard than there any is default in implementation and monitoring. The people who are responsible for the monitoring and control of the marketing plan involves, the Marketing Executives, Sales Managers, Media Managers, Market Research Departments, and the Production Managers. Some activities must be carried out for precisely and closely evaluating the effectiveness of the strategies and tactics for example the gathering and structuring of data regarding market, product, consumers and the pricing trends, then the generation of daily sales report should be maintained and then in the end continuous reconfirming of the marketing budget and activities by the managers of different divisions. The Integrated Marketing Communication Plan Integrated Marketing Communications is a term used to describe a holistic approach to marketing communication. It aims to ensure consistency of message and the complementary use of media. The concept includes online and offline marketing channels. Online marketing channels include any e-marketing campaigns or programs, pay-per-click, affiliate, email, banner to latest web related channels for webinar, blog, micro-blogging, RSS, podcast, and Internet TV. Offline marketing channels are traditional print (newspaper, magazine), mail order, public relations, industry relations, billboard, radio, and television. A company develops its integrated marketing communication programme using all the elements of the marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion) So Integrated marketing communication is integration of all marketing tools, approaches, and resources within a company which maximizes impact on consumer mind and which results into maximum profit at minimum cost. Promotional activities include Advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling activities. It also includes internet marketing, sponsorship marketing, direct marketing, database marketing and public relations. And integration of all these promotional tools along with other components of marketing mix to gain edge over competitor is called Integrated Marketing Communication. Situational analysis: First of all we carried out we carried out situation analysis in order to unedrtood problem. In this we identify our compititors and their strategy for example Levi carried out compititor analysis and find out various strategy adopted by Tommy Hilfiger, JNCO, VF Corporation, Gap, Calvin Klein, Diesel and Paris Blues. After situation analysis Levy Strauss Company find out thattheCalifornia gold rush outfitter whose trademark blue jeans have been an American clothing staple for generations, had fallen on hard times by 2004 and needed a change in strategic direction.After seven consecutive years of falling sales, profits turned to losses in 2003. Management responded to the decline by moving its manufacturing plants offshore and by introducing a new line of discount jeans at Wal-Mart.It also considered selling off its Dockers casual pants unit in order to focus on its jeans business. Under situation analysis we also analyze financial position of company. IMC objective: There are various IMC objective set by jeans company after situation analysis in order to accomplish their goal. Some of objective are as follow: To Increase sale by 50% in six month To Increase brand awareness To Increase customer loyality To Increase desire of customer To Increase repeat purchase To measure customer satisfaction To create relationship with customer on personal level To control and observe public opinion To receive feedback from customer on regular basis Media objectivesstate the impact that you expect to have on an audience in terms of reach and frequency. Objectives must meet the following criteria: Measurability Quantifiability Realism time-specificity Budget determination: We need to establish what amount of money will be needed to achieve the IMC objectives.Although there is various methods present to determine what amount of money invest on IMC. These methods are as follow: Affordable Method Percentage of Sales Method Unit of Sales Method Zero Budgeting Method Inaffordable methodwe invest money on IMC as soon as we can afford. However inPercentage of Sales Methodamount of money invest on IMC tool depend on what amount of sale we expect to achieve during course of year. These percentages are mostly adhoc and sometime based on judgment. InUnit of Sales MethodCompany allocate a certain proportion of cost of product to promotion. Thus say if ex factory cost of the product is say Rs 100/ the company will allot Rs.10/- toward promotion cost. Hence if company expects sale 10,000 unit of the product, thus allocated IMC budget will be Rs.100.000/-. In Zero Budgeting Method, company determine what need to achieve in term of sale and then rework backward in term of what money will be needed to be allocate to deliver those customers. Thus if company believe that in order to achieve their sales, 10,000 customers need to purchase their jeans once during the planning period than it will work out what number of prospective customers will needed to be tar geted through ATL and BTL activity, in order to achieve that result. IMC Methodologies There are various component of integrated marketing communication that is as follow: Advertisement Advertisement is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas or products by an identified sponsor. Objective of any ads is to increase brand awareness. Objectives: There are mostly three objective of advertisement compaign, that are as follow: Inform Persuade Remind Inform: Informative advertising, seeks to tell the market about the jeans, explain the new quality added in jeans, provide information on pricing, and build awareness of both the jeans quality and the company. Such objectives are normally pursued at the launch of a new quality jeans, or re-launch / up-date of an existing jean. Persuade: Here objectives are to encourage the target audience to switch brands, make the purchase, and create a preference in the market for the jeans as opposed to its competition. Advertising of this nature is required in highly competitive markets, where a range of jeans design competes directly with each other. In such circumstances businesses often seek to differentiate their jeans through Comparison Advertising – either directly or indirectly comparing its jeans to that of its competitors. Remind: Reminder Advertising, is used to maintain interest and awareness of a well established jeans brand in the market, often in the latter stages of its product life cycle. It is often used at the Point-of-Purchase to remind consumers of the Brand. Advertisement budget: Having identified advertising objectives, the advertising budget must be set. Determining exactly how much a business should spend on advertising to achieve the desired level of sales. Commonly, the decision is based on past experience of expenditure on advertising, and the sales subsequently achieved. There are however a number of factors that can be considered in setting the advertising budget Factors influencing the setting of advertising Budgets: Product life cycle stage:New products in the Launch stage of their Product Life Cycle, will normally require greater expenditure on advertising to create product awareness, and encourage consumers to trial the product. Whilst products that have reached Maturity in their product life cycle, will often require smaller advertising budgets to achieve the level of sales required. Competition:The number of competitors in the market, and their expenditure on advertising competing products, will influence a business to spend to a similar or higher degree. Product Differentiation:A product very similar to other products on the market may require greater expenditure on advertising to differentiate it from its competitors. Advertising Strategy: Developing an Advertising Strategy to achieve the objectives of a campaign, requires that consideration be given to both the ‘Message which will be communicated and the ‘Media through which it will be sent Advertising Message An advertising campaign, no matter how much money is spent, no matter what media is used, will only be successful if the Message appeals to the target audience. Given the level of advertising which bombards the average consumer, a successful advertising message must stand out amongst the advertising clutter. Thus marketing professionals are required to be creative, imaginative and innovative in developing the advertising message, both in terms of what is said, and How it is said? What is said This is often referred to as the ‘Big Idea, and will normally address the key benefits sought by the target audience, motivating the audience to pay attention. Given the constant search for new ways to appeal to target audiences, it is difficult to categories the content of advertising messages which a business may send, below we include a couple of examples of actual message strategy. During delivery of advertisement massage in customer mind take the personality symbol, lifestyle and musical as consideration. In addition the tone of the advertisement will need to be established, which can be either positive or negative. The advert may therefore promote positive feelings of fun, contentment, and happiness or take on a more negative, somber, or even threatening tone. Selecting Advertising Media: In addition to deciding upon the content, style and tone of the advertising message, the media through which the message will be communicated to the target audience must also be selected. Mostly for jeans advertisement we select media such as magazine, newspaper and outdoor. TV rarely used for advertisement of jeans. In order to select the most appropriate media, consideration must should be given to various advantage and disadvantage of various media. Strengths and weakness of various media are as given below: Television : Strengths Dynamic attention getting media, combining visual, sound and animated stimulus. Strong potential Impact High market coverage Good at demonstrating products Weaknesses: Highly expensive Poor at communicating lengthy technical information Newspapers: Strengths: Targeting is possible through profiling readership Good level of market coverage Weaknesses: Static media, not suitable for product demonstration Potential for poor reproduction, sometimes limited to black and white print Short-life span, i.e. todays newspapers become tomorrows rubbish Magazines: Strengths: High quality reproduction, of color images Targeting is possible through specialist publications Good pass on readership Weaknesses: Static media, not suitable for product demonstration Lengthy lead-time between advert being placed and magazine being published Outdoor: Strengths: High repeat exposure to advert Relatively low cost Low levels of competition, in terms of advertising clutter Weaknesses: Limited audience selectivity / targeting possible Static media, not suitable for product demonstrations Difficult to monitor effectiveness â€Å"Make them your own† is the name of the campaign launched by Levis to boost the sale of Denim jeans. This is one of the most aggressive marketing and advertising strategy followed by Levis to move up the sales. The theme of this marketing campaign is narcissistic youth. It will feature youth who will check themselves out in Denim blue jeans. The advertising will target the age group of 18 – 24 years. Mostly levy also select TV, Magazine, and Newspaper as a media for delivering there massage about their product in customer mind. PRINT Ads: This ad focus on that even in bad time our company ABC produce good quality of product in comparison to our competitor. ABC Company compares their product with competitors in quality and design. Through this ads company want to show that our product is superior in quality and design. Sale promotion: Sale promotion is collection of various consumers and trade promotional tool such as rebate, discount, gift, contest, coupons, price deal, contest game, sampling etc. to increase sale of products. There are certain objectives of sale promotion. However main objective is to increase immediate sale because Sales Managers are under great pressure to produce results quickly. Objective: There are certain objectives of sale promotion that are as follow: To increase immediate customer sale To increase support among the marketers sales force. To gain the support of the trade in marketing the product Reasons for Growth of Sales Promotion: There are number of reason for growth of company in sale promotion some are as follow: Increasing Competition Due to increase in competition, companies are finding it increasingly difficult to compete on quality. They are therefore resorting to more innovative methods of sales promotion. In order to have a competitive advantage over its competitors like Levis, Pepe, Killer and others, Spykar Jeans, once a year has a grand sale of up to 50%. Customers Have Become More Price Sensitive: The increase price sensitivity is direct result of rampant inflation. Economic support this trend further, as a result customers and dealer became more sensitive toward price. If the customers get branded jeans at half the actual price, then they are definitely going to make huge purchases of Spykar Jeans because they want value for their money, as they are price sensitive. Sales Promotions Generally Create an Immediate Positive Impact on Sales: Advertising, personal selling and other methods of promotion produce slower impact on sales in compared to sales promotion. Sales promotions are mostly for short duration, for a specified period, leading to a sense of urgency in consumers to buy now. This creates an immediate positive impact on sales. Products have become more standardized: In many product categories there is proliferation of brand or line extension and me too many brands. Most of brand perceived by consumer varies little in price. Due to this it became very difficult for advertiser to reposition their product in customers mind. Due to which they focus on more and more on sale promotion to get immediate result. Advertising Has Become More Expensive and Less Effective: All the advertising media have become quite expensive. Audio-visual medium, which is considered as the most effective for short-duration ads, may cost in excess of Rs. 1 lakh for a 10 second exposure during prime time. In many cases, consumers have reached a point of boredom due to excessive advertising on TV. Firms with small budgets cannot compete with big companies, which spend huge sums of money on advertising. For these small budget firms, sales promotion is a more cost-effective promotion method to produce sales results. Trade Has Become More Powerful: At present time Retailers and wholesalers have became more powerful and demand extra facility from company to promote their product. Company has no other alternative. Besides these there are also various kind reason such as Excess Stocks, Impulse Buying Is Increasing, Sales Promotions Maximize Profits etc. Promotion Strategies: Promotional strategy is mostly run to change consumers behavior, to increase brand image, to increase profit, to increase sale of various good. There are mostly two kind of sale promotion, one is directed toward consumer and other one is directed toward trade such as dealer, supplier, retailer etc. Consumer sale promotion tool: There are a lot of promotional tool used to increase sale. Consumer sale promotion is directed toward consumer. It stimulate consumer to purchase their product rapidly. There are a lot of tool that are as follow: Price deal: Price deal is temporary reduction in price of product. There are two type of deal: cents-off deals and price-pack deals. Price deal is given at various times to stimulate purchase of jeans. Coupon: A coupon is typically a printed certificate giving the bearer a stated price reduction or special value on a specific product, generally for a specific period. Various company issue various kind of coupon that contain various discount price , customer get the advantage of this discount and purchase jeans at low price. Offer: There are various kind of gift is offer by various jeans industry. For example the branding magazine said that the Gap will be conducting a marketing campaign centered on the idea that your favorite songs and your favorite jeans, Gap jeans, make the perfect fit. Customers who try on a pair of the retailers new jeans will receive a free iTMS download. The campaign will be marketed with print and TV ads, and will feature TV commercials with musicians singing covers of their favorite song while wearing Gap jeans. The company will be offering those collected covers in a CD at retail Gap locations for customers who make a US$60 or more Gap purchase. Premium: Sometime various companies like Levy, Denim etc. offer some gift or at bargain price to encourage customer buying. Sampling: Some company like American eagles to known customer feedback provide free simple of various jeans according to their preference. Advertising Specialities: Advertising specialities also call a promotional product. It mostly given to our loyal customers. It includes various card like birthday card, New Year card. It is mostly done to retain old customer. Trade sale promotion tool: Objectives of Trade Sales Promotion: Gain/maintain distribution Influence resellers to promote product Influence resellers to offer price discount Increase reseller inventory Defend against competitors Avoid reduction of normal prices There are various sale promotion tools that stimulate trade to promote company product. There are a lot of trade sale promotion tools some are as discussed below: Trade Allowances: Trade allowancesare short-term special allowances, discounts, or deals granted to resellers to stimulate reseller to rapid purchase of their product. Point-of-Purchase Display: Point-of-purchase displays are generally used at the retail level to call customer attention to a featured product. In this company employees observe every retail shop and those retail shop that display more company product will be winner of special gift or prize Trade Shows: A trade show is periodic, semi periodic public event at which supplier displays their jeans product and provides information about jeans quality and price to potential buyer. After implementing these different techniques of sale promotion we monitor result and evaluate these by comparing with objective set before implementation of plan. Public relation Public relation is nothing but creating a favorable relation for organization and product which is done through used of various communication channel and tool. So public relation is mostly done to improve the image of company and build good image in customers mind. So public relation may be define as â€Å"Public Relations is a set of management, supervisory, and technical functions that foster an organizations ability to strategically listen to, appreciate, and respond to those persons whose mutually beneficial relationships with the organization are necessary if it is to achieve its missions and values. Objective: Like other aspect of marketing, public relation is also used to address several broad aspect of marketing like: Building Product Awareness–When introducing a new product or relaunching an existing product, marketers can use a PR element that generates consumer attention and awareness through media placements and special events. Creating Interest:Public Relation create public interest to used the product at least for once time. Providing Information:Through the Public relation we can provide a lot of information about company activity and their product feature and service provided by company. This information is delivered to public through newspaper, article website, collateral material; PR helps in delivering information that helps to public in understanding the product feature. Stimulating Demand:A positive article in a newspaper, on TV, news show or mentioned on the Internet, often results in a discernable increase in product sales. Reinforcing the Brand:In many companies like levy, denim jeans company the public relations function is also involved with brand reinforcement by maintaining positive relationships with key audiences, and thereby aiding in building a strong image. Direct Marketing Direct marketing is business of selling company product directly to customers through mail order, telephone, fax, e-mails, or web selling, rather than through retailers. Objective: There are mostly to objective for which direct marketing is carried out these are as follow: Convert not user to user. It is mostly done to obtain new client. The identification of new potential clients is very crucial when it comes to recruit new prospects and transformed them into your clients. The perpetual loyalty of customers. A loyal consumer cost less than new customers. Strategy: Various jeans industry like denim, Levi Strauss Co involved in direct marketing to get more market share. These companies sent a mail-order catalog to approximately prospective customers. 100-page catalog, developed in-house, targets both men and women and also contains 10 pages devoted to home products. There are various tools for direct marketing these are as :Direct response television marketing. Besides these jeans producing company also used various methods to promote their product. One method that Levis has recently taken is Path Breaking Strategy. Path breaking strategy by Levis: This strategy is mostly for those jeans whose cost above Rs.1400. We know a lot of thing about EMIs for house, car and other kind of white goods. But these EMIs is first time adopted by Levis for jeans.This idea has been conceptualized by Levis. Downturn market, cost cutting everywhere and empty pockets is the present situation; and here to curb all these hindrances, Levis is now, for the first time ever offering EMI facilities on its apparel wear in India. Simply shop for more than Rs. 1500 and you can avail this offer. This amount will be set off through your credit card in three equal installments. They have also tied up with ICICI Bank for the credit card settlement. There are certain objectives behind this strategy that are as follow: To increase the sales of premium jeans wear category that is worth more than Rs. 4000 per denim. To ensure sales throughout the year irrespective of seasonality:How will this objective be achie